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PostPosted: Wed Aug 28, 2013 6:35 pm 
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August 29, 1863 Saturday
Operations against the Navajo in New Mexico Territory intensified. Skirmishing occurred at Texas Prairie, Missouri. Activity mounted along the Tennessee Rive west of Chattanooga with a skirmish at Caperton’s Ferry, Alabama. Rosecrans’ army slowly but methodically moved south below Chattanooga, actually flanking the Confederate-held city. Goode Bryan, CSA, and William Whedbee Kirkland, CSA, were appointed to Brigadier General.

Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley, commanded by Lieutenant Payne, sank in Charleston harbor for the first time. After making several practice dives in the harbor, the submarine was moored by lines fastened to steamer Etiwan at the dock at Fort Johnson. When the steamer moved away from the dock unexpectedly, H. L. Hunley was drawn onto her side. She filled with water and rapidly sank, carrying with her five gallant seamen. Payne and two of them escaped. H. L. Hunley was subsequently raised and refitted, as, undaunted by the "unfortunate accident," another crew volunteered to man her.

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PostPosted: Thu Aug 29, 2013 6:44 pm 
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August 30, 1863 Sunday
The breeching batteries once more inflicted heavy damage on Fort Sumter. Meanwhile, the Confederates continued to dig out guns from the rubble and move them to the city. A small transport steamer with troops on board was fired upon from Fort Moultrie by mistake and sank. There was further skirmishing in Arkansas as a part of the Little Rock Campaign ( http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/e ... ntryID=517 ) at Washington and at Shallow Ford on Bayou Meto. The last two days of the month Federals carried out a reconnaissance from Shellmound toward Chattanooga, Tennessee. A Federal expedition operated in the vicinity of Leesburg, Virginia. C.S.S. Georgia, commanded by Lieutenant W. L. Maury, captured and bonded ship John Watts with cargo of teakwood in the mid-South Atlantic.

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Blood 'n Guts hisself, a land lovin' pirate. Show me some arty tubes and we'll charge 'em.
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PostPosted: Fri Aug 30, 2013 4:08 pm 
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August 31, 1863 Monday
Minor fighting marked the end of August, with action on the Marais des Cygnes, Kansas; at Winter’s Gap, Tennessee; and Will’s Valley, Alabama. U.S.S. Gem of the Sea, commanded by Acting Lieutenant Baxter, captured sloop Richard in Peace Creek, Florida, with cargo of cotton.

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PostPosted: Sat Aug 31, 2013 7:06 pm 
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September 1, 1863 Tuesday
Fort Smith, on the western border of Arkansas, fell to Union forces, while in the eastern part of the state operations proceeded against Little Rock. Fighting also broke out at Jenny Lind and Devil’s Backbone or Backbone Mountain, Arkansas.

In Charleston Harbor mortar fire smote Battery Wagner on Morris Island, and heavy Parrott rifles and ironclads hammered Fort Sumter once more. Firing of 627 shot ended the second phase of the first major bombardment. Once more Fort Sumter crumbled and its magazine was threatened, but the garrison continued to shore up the ruins and remained defiant.

Rosecrans’ Federal Army of the Cumberland was crossing the Tennessee River, preparatory to moving on Chattanooga and Bragg’s Confederate Army of Tennessee. The crossing, which lasted several days, was largely unopposed. Skirmishing did occur at Will’s Creek, Davis’ Gap, and Neal’s Gap, Alabama.

Virginia saw only cavalry operations and skirmishing at Corbin’s Cross Roads, Lamb’s Creek Church near Port Conway, Leesburg, and Barbee’s Cross Roads. The “small war” in northern Virginia continued unabated. A week of Federal operations from Natchez to Harrisonburg, Louisiana included some skirmishing; and Federals carried out ten days of expeditions into Tennessee from Paducah, Kentucky and Union City, Tennessee.

President Davis told Gov Isham G. Harris of Tennessee that reinforcements and arms were being sent to Chattanooga and Bragg’s threatened army. The following appointments were made to Brigadier General: Matthew Calbraith Butler, CSA; Robert Daniel Johnston, CSA; and William Carter Wickham, CSA.

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PostPosted: Sun Sep 01, 2013 6:34 pm 
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September 2, 1863 Wednesday
Federal troops under Gen A. E. Burnside entered Knoxville, Tennessee. The fall of Knoxville effectively cut the fairly direct railroad link between Chattanooga and Virginia and forced Confederates to use a roundabout route from Virginia down the Atlantic coast, thence to Atlanta and Tennessee. Burnside’s move was destined to aid Rosecrans’ major effort against Chattanooga and Bragg.

At Charleston artillery fire died to desultory proportions, but Federals entrenched within eighty yards of Battery Wagner’s earthworks on Morris Island. Skirmishing took place near Oak Shade and Rixey’s Ford, Virginia while Federal cavalry wrecked two Confederate (formerly Federal) gunboats, Satellite and Reliance, at Port Conway on the Rappahannock River. In Arkansas a skirmish broke out near Shallow Ford. Near Mier, Mexico Confederate troops routed banditti under Zapata, who had been raiding both Mexican and Confederate territory ( http://www.tshaonline.org/day-by-day/30873 ). During most of the month Federal expeditions operated from Martinsburg, and involved some skirmishing at Smithfield, West Virginia and Strasburg, Virginia. The U.S. Navy destroyed buildings and four small boats in a raid on Peace Creek, Florida.

The people of Nevada rejected the proposed state constitution. President Lincoln told Sec of the Treasury Chase that he could not include parts Virginia and Louisiana in the Emancipation Proclamation because there was no military necessity to do so and “The original proclamation has no constitutional or legal justification except as a military measure.”

A joint committee of the Alabama legislature approved use of slaves in Confederate armies and the Alabama house adopted the resolution after modifying it somewhat.

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PostPosted: Mon Sep 02, 2013 8:23 pm 
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September 3, 1863 Thursday
Some of Rosecrans’ forces skirmished near Alpine, Georgia. In the West, soldiers and Indians fought in the Hoopa Valley, California and near White Stone Hill, Dakota Territory ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Whitestone_Hill ). For the rest of the year there were military operations in the Humboldt Military District of California. During the night Battery Wagner at Charleston received and returned fire, as other guns blazed in the harbor area.

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Blood 'n Guts hisself, a land lovin' pirate. Show me some arty tubes and we'll charge 'em.
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PostPosted: Tue Sep 03, 2013 9:14 pm 
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September 4, 1863 Friday
The Federal Army of the Cumberland under Rosecrans completed its crossing of the Tennessee River in the Bridgeport, Alabama area and at Shellmound, Tennessee. Bragg’s Confederate army in Chattanooga was threatened from the south and west, his situation growing more serious by the hour. From New Orleans Federal transports and four shallow-draft but weak gunboats headed toward the Texas-Louisiana coast at Sabine Pass. It was the first of several moves by Banks’ Federal command to occupy important points in Texas, both as an offensive against Confederates and as a display of force to the French occupying Mexico. Fighting was confined to an affair at Quincy, Missouri and skirmishing at Moorefield and Petersburg Gap, West Virginia. Federals scouted from Cold Water Grove, Missouri; and from Fort Lyon, Colorado toward Fort Larned, Kansas. In northwest Arkansas skirmishing flared at Bentonville, Flint Creek, Hog Eye, and Round Prairie.

In Mobile, Alabama indignant women marched on supply stores with signs reading “Bread or Blood” and “Bread and Peace” and took food, clothing, and other goods. In New Orleans Gen Grant was severely injured when his horse shied and fell on him; there is some evidence that Grant had been drinking during this visit, partly social and partly to confer with Gen Banks. He was partially incapacitated for weeks.

Major General Jeremy F. Gilmer wrote Secretary Mallory, seeking assistance in holding Morris Island "to the last extremity." He requested "the service of as many sailors as you can possibly give us from Richmond, Wilmington, Savannah, and other points--not less that [sic] 200--to be employed as oarsmen to convey troops and meteriel to and from that island." For some time Confederate sailors had been performing this vital mission, for, as the siege and intensive bombardment progressed, it had become necessary to relieve the embattled soldiers at Fort Wagner every 3 days. As Union batteries found the range of Cumming's Point, where the Southern transport steamers were landing troops and supplies, most of these movements then had to be carried on by rowboats crossing Vincent's Creek. This was hazardous, for armed small boats from the blockading ships closely patrolled the area throughout the night. Nonetheless, Confederate sailors worked tirelessly to support the Army garrison on Morris Island until Fort Wagner was finally evacuated.

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Blood 'n Guts hisself, a land lovin' pirate. Show me some arty tubes and we'll charge 'em.
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PostPosted: Wed Sep 04, 2013 7:34 pm 
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September 5, 1863 Saturday
For some time Federal authorities in Britain and Washington had been apprehensive over official British “eye-winking” at the construction of Confederate vessels in yards at Liverpool and elsewhere. With two ironclads known as the “Laird Rams” nearing completion, U.S. Minister Charles Francis Adams told British Lord Russell that if the rams were released “it would be superfluous for me to point out to your Lordship that this is war.” But even before Adams’ communiqué, Lord Russell directed (Sept 3) that the rams at Birkenhead should be detained. They were never turned over to the South. Thus ended the last major crisis in Federal-British foreign relations during the war.

Amid firing in Charleston Harbor against Battery Wagner, Federals drew near the ditch in front of the earthwork. An assault was expected momentarily. Small-boat attacks on Battery Gregg and the north end of Cummings Point on Morris Island failed.

In Alabama Federal forces of Rosecrans moved into the mountains of northwestern Georgia south of Chattanooga, skirmishing at Lebanon and Rawlingsville, Alabama and Alpine, Georgia. In the East Tennessee Campaign, a skirmish occurred at Tazewell, Tennessee as Federals moved in on Cumberland Gap from Knoxville. A skirmish broke out near Maysville, Arkansas; and in Dakota Territory Federals skirmished with Indians near White Stone Hill.

President Davis urgently asked General Bragg, “What is your proposed plan of operation? Can you ascertain intention of enemy? … can you not cut his line of communication and compel him to retreat for want of supplies?” The Confederate government was increasingly concerned over the threats to Chattanooga and Bragg, as well as the Federal movement to Knoxville and east Tennessee. The Charleston Mercury attacked President Davis: “He has lost the confidence of both the army and the people.”

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Blood 'n Guts hisself, a land lovin' pirate. Show me some arty tubes and we'll charge 'em.
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PostPosted: Thu Sep 05, 2013 9:26 pm 
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September 6, 1863 Sunday
Siege guns and seven monitors and ironclads bombarded Battery Wagner on Charleston’s Morris Island as the garrison crouched, virtually unhurt, in the bombproofs. Having been under constant bombardment from land and sea for nearly 60 days, Confederate forces secretly evacuated Morris Island by boat at night. Two days before, Colonel Lawrence M. Keitt, commanding Fort Wagner, had reported the "rapid and fatal" effects of the shore bombardment combined with the accurate firing from U.S.S. New Ironsides, commanded by Captain Rowan. One hundred of his 900 defenders had been killed in the bombardment of 5 September. "Is it desirable to sacrifice the garrison?" he asked. "To continue to hold it [Fort Wagner] is [to] do so." The next day, 6 September, General Beauregard wrote that Forts Wagner and Gregg had undergone a "terrible bombardment" for some 36 hours. Describing Wagner as "much damaged; repairs impossible," the commander of the Charleston defenses added: "Casualties [the last 2 days] over 150; garrison much exhausted; nearly all guns disabled. Communications with city extremely difficult and dangerous; Sumter being silenced. Evacuation of Morris Island becomes indispensable to save garrison. . . . That night Confederate transports assembled between Fort Johnson, on James Island, and Fort Sumter under protection of ironclad C.S.S. Charleston, and barges manned by seamen from C.S.S. Chicora and Palmetto State effected the evacuation. Not until the last group of Confederate soldiers was being evacuated did the Union commanders become aware of what was taking place. "Then," Brigadier General Ripley reported, "his guard boats discovered the movement of our boats engaged in the embarkation, and, creeping up upon the rear, succeeded in cutting off and capturing three barges containing Lieutenant Hasker [CSN] and boat's crew of the Chicora, and soldiers of the Army." The Richmond Sentinel of 7 September summarized: "The enemy now holds Cumming's Point, in full view of the city."

In the campaign below Chattanooga there was skirmishing at Stevens’ Gap, Georgia and in the East Tennessee Campaign fighting near Sweet Water. Elsewhere, battling occurred at Carter’s Run, Virginia; Petersburg, West Virginia; between Fort Scott, Kansas and Carthage, Missouri; and in the Hutton Valley of Missouri. Brigadier General Lucius Marshall Walker ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_M._Walker ), CSA, is mortally wounded in a pistol duel at Little Rock, Arkansas, with Major General John Sappington Marmaduke, CSA, over a general disagreement regarding military affairs. He dies the next day, September 7, 1863.

Landing party from U.S.S. Argosy, commanded by Acting Ensign John C. Morong, seized Confederate ordnance supplies and 1,200 pounds of tobacco at Bruinsburg, Mississippi.

Army transports and naval warships of the joint amphibious expedition arrived at Sabine Pass and anchored off the bar. Union plans called for the seizure of Sabine Pass as a base for strategic operations against western Louisiana and eastern and central Texas. Through a series of mishaps, as Major General Franklin reported, "the attack, which was intended to be a surprise, became an open one, the enemy having had two nights' warning that a fleet was off the harbor, and during Monday [7 September] a full view of most of the vessels comprising it.

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Blood 'n Guts hisself, a land lovin' pirate. Show me some arty tubes and we'll charge 'em.
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PostPosted: Fri Sep 06, 2013 6:42 pm 
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September 7, 1863 Monday
Federal troops moved in to find Battery Wagner and Battery Gregg evacuated. Following the evacuation of Morris Island, Rear Admiral Dahlgren demanded the surrender of Fort Sumter on the 7th; the fort had been so hammered by sea and shore bombardment that one observer noted that its appearance "from seaward was rather that of a steep, sandy island than that of a fort." "I replied," General Beauregard wrote, "to take it if he could." Preparatory to renewing the assault, Dahlgren ordered U.S.S. Weehawken, Commander Colhoun, between Cumming's Point, Morris Island, and Fort Sumter. Weehawken grounded in the narrow channel and could not be gotten off until the next day. That evening U.S.S. New Ironsides, Nahant, Lehigh, Montauk, and Patapsco reconnoitered the obstructions at Fort Sumter and heavily engaged Fort Moultrie. "I drew off," Dahlgren recorded in his diary, "to give attention to Weehawken." Beginning the morning of 8 September the grounded ironclad was subjected to heavy fire from Fort Moultrie and Sullivan's and James Islands. Weehawken gallantly replied from her helpless position as other Union ironclads closed to assist. "Well done Weehawken," Dahlgren wired Colhoun, praising his effective counter-fire; "don't give up the ship." U.S.S. New Ironsides, commanded by Captain Rowan, positioned herself between Weehawken and the Fort Moultrie batteries, drawing off Confederate fire. Struck over 50 times, New Ironsides finally withdrew "for want of ammunition"; Weehawken was finally floated with the aid of tugs.

Below Chattanooga Federal forces still advanced, with skirmishing at Stevenson, Alabama, reconnaissance toward Chattanooga, and fighting in Lookout Valley, Tennessee. At Cumberland Gap Federal troops moved into the vital link between Virginia and Tennessee. On the Gulf Coast the Federal expedition under Gen William B. Franklin had arrived off Sabine Pass on the Texas-Louisiana border. Elsewhere fighting broke out at Bear Skin Lake, Missouri; Ashley’s Mills or Ferry Landing, Arkansas; Morgan’s Ferry, on the Atchafalaya, Louisiana; Holly Springs and Jacinto or Glendale, Mississippi; and Bath, West Virginia. Federal expeditions operated several days from Springfield, Missouri into Arkansas and the Indian Territory and to Big Lake in Mississippi County, Arkansas. John Wesley Turner, USA, was appointed to Brigadier General. Brigadier General Lucius Marshall Walker, CSA, dies in Little Rock, Arkansas, from his wounds in a pistol duel the day before with Major General John Sappington Marmaduke, CSA, over a general disagreement regarding military affairs.

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Blood 'n Guts hisself, a land lovin' pirate. Show me some arty tubes and we'll charge 'em.
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PostPosted: Sat Sep 07, 2013 6:14 pm 
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September 8, 1863 Tuesday
The Joint Army-Navy attack on Sabine Pass opened as U.S.S. Clifton, commanded by Acting Lieutenant Crocker, crossed the bar and unsuccessfully attempted to draw the fire of the fort and cotton-clad steamer C.S.S. Uncle Ben., Clifton was followed across the bay by U.S.S. Sachem, Arizona, Granite City, and Army transports. Sachem and Arizona advanced up the Louisiana (right) channel and Clifton and Granite City moved up the Texas (left) channel, they opened on the Confederate batteries preparatory to landing the troops. The Confederate gunners, some forty Confederates, under Lieut Dick Dowling, manning a partly finished earthwork with a few guns, withheld fire until the gunboats were within close range and then countered with a devastating cannonade. A shot through the boiler totally disabled Sachem; another shot away the wheel rope of Clifton and she grounded under the Confederate guns. Crocker fought his ship until, with 10 men killed and nine others wounded, he deemed it his duty "to stop the slaughter by showing the white flag, which was done, and we fell into the hands of the enemy." Sachem, after flooding her magazine, also surrendered and was taken under tow by C.S.S. Uncle Ben.

With the loss of Clifton's and Sachem's firepower, the two remaining gunboats and troop transports recrossed the bar and departed for New Orleans. The Sabine Pass expedition had, in the words of Commodore H. H. Bell, "totally failed." In a vote of thanks to the small defending garrison for the victory which prevented "the invasion of Texas," the Confederate Congress called the action "one of the most brilliant and heroic achievements in the history of this war."

Federal naval vessels bombarded the forts in Charleston Harbor as Adm Dahlgren’s men prepared for a small-boat operation by night against Fort Sumter. At the same time, apparently independently, infantry commander Quincy Adams Gillmore was preparing a similar expedition. Other fighting occurred at Winston’s Gap, Alabama and Alpine, Georgia in what became the Chickamauga Campaign, and in east Tennessee at Limestone Station and Telford’s Station. Skirmishing broke out at Brandy Station, Virginia once more; at Beech Fork in Calhoun County and at Sutton, West Virginia; on the Atchafalaya, Louisiana; and in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona Territory.

President Davis told Lee of the increasing threats to Bragg and that he had considered sending Lee west, but feared the effect of Lee’s absence from Virginia. Confederate Att Gen Thomas H Watts ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_H._Watts ) resigned, having been elected governor of Alabama in August. He was succeeded ad interim by Wade Keyes ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_Keyes ).

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Gen Ned Simms
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Blood 'n Guts hisself, a land lovin' pirate. Show me some arty tubes and we'll charge 'em.
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PostPosted: Sun Sep 08, 2013 9:40 pm 
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September 9, 1863 Wednesday
Gen Braxton Bragg and the Confederate Army of Tennessee had left Chattanooga. Realizing that Rosecrans’ Army of the Cumberland was cutting in behind him, Bragg reluctantly abandoned the city and withdrew into Georgia. Troops of Rosecrans’ army entered, while others marched ahead seeking to push Bragg farther south. The Federals were in a vulnerable position, being spread out over forty miles of mountains south of Chattanooga, and they soon learned that Bragg was at La Fayette, Georgia, much closer than suspected. But the Union army did hold the rail and river center of Chattanooga. A skirmish broke out at nearby Lookout Mountain, Georgia.

After conferences in Richmond early in September, President Davis and his generals had decided to detach Longstreet’s corps of the Army of the Northern Virginia to aid Bragg. Therefore, Longstreet left the Rapidan line and headed toward Richmond. Due to recent Federal occupation of east Tennessee which culminated this day in the surrender of Cumberland Gap to the Federals, Longstreet had to go by way of North Carolina and Atlanta to get to Bragg. He moved rapidly, especially considering the condition of Southern railroads, but it was to be about ten days before the movement was completed. Even then not all the troops and guns were up in time for battle.

Elsewhere there was a skirmish at Webber’s Falls, Indian Territory. Howell Cobb, CSA, was appointed to Major General.

Rear Admiral Dahlgren mounted a boat attack on Fort Sumter at 1AM. Commander Stevens led the assault comprising more than thirty boats and some 400 sailors and Marines. The Confederates, apprised in advance of the Union's intentions because they had recovered a key to the Northern signal code from the wreck of U.S.S. Keokuk, waited until the boats were nearly ashore before opening a heavy fire and using hand grenades. C.S.S. Chicora contributed a sweeping, enfilading fire. Dahlgren noted that "Moultrie fired like the devil, the shells breaking around us and screaming in chorus." The attack was repulsed, and more than 100 men were captured. For the next several weeks, a period of relative quiet at Charleston prevailed.

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Blood 'n Guts hisself, a land lovin' pirate. Show me some arty tubes and we'll charge 'em.
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PostPosted: Mon Sep 09, 2013 5:56 pm 
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September 10, 1863 Thursday
Still another important Confederate center fell, as Southerners evacuated Little Rock, capital of Arkansas. Sterling Price’s Confederates withdrew to Rockport and Arkadelphia ( http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/e ... ntryID=517 ). Federal occupation severely threatened Kirby Smith’s entire Confederate Trans-Mississippi area, already under attack from Frederick Steele’s expedition which had moved across Arkansas from Helena. There was an engagement at Bayou Fourche, Arkansas.

Meanwhile, in Georgia, Federals operated from Alpine toward Rome, La Fayette, and Summerville, probing Confederate positions south of Chattanooga. Bragg had ordered an attack on isolated Federal forces in McLemore’s Cove, but it failed to materialize ( http://www.civilwar.org/hallowed-ground ... -cove.html ). Skirmishing occurred at Summerville, Pea Vine Creek, and near Graysville. In the East Tennessee Campaign, fighting broke out at Brimstone Creek, Kentucky and Athens, Tennessee. Fort Sumter enjoyed the first of eighteen days of respite from bombardment. In Virginia the main action was Longstreet’s move to Richmond en route to Bragg in Georgia. At Raleigh, North Carolina Confederate soldiers pillaged the offices of the Standard, owned by W.W. Holden, pro-Union editor and politician who advocated peace. Abner Monroe Perrin, CSA, was appointed to Brigadier General.

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PostPosted: Tue Sep 10, 2013 5:50 pm 
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September 11, 1863 Friday
Considerable reconnaissance and skirmishing continued in northwest Georgia with operations toward Rome and skirmishes near Blue Bird Gap, Davis’ Cross Roads, Rossville, Ringgold, and around Lee and Gordon’s Mills. The Federal advance was gradually building toward a climax. Bragg again ordered an attack on detached Yankees but again it was not made. Elsewhere, fighting flared near Greenville, Kentucky; at Waldron, Arkansas; Baldwin’s Ferry on the Big Black River, Mississippi; and Moorefield, West Virginia. A brief mutiny in Terrell’s Texas Cavalry in Texas was soon put down. Federal expeditions of several days’ duration operated from La Grange to Toone’s Station, Tennessee; from Corinth, Mississippi into Tennessee; and from Camp Piatt near Fayetteville, West Virginia.

President Lincoln turned down Gen Burnside’s resignation, asked Gov Andrew Johnson of Tennessee to inaugurate a state government at once, and conferred with Stanton, Halleck, and others about the Charleston situation. U.S.S. Seminole, Commander Henry Rolando, seized blockade running British steamer William Peel off the Rio Grande River with large cargo of cotton.

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Blood 'n Guts hisself, a land lovin' pirate. Show me some arty tubes and we'll charge 'em.
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PostPosted: Wed Sep 11, 2013 5:06 pm 
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September 12, 1863 Saturday
The probing, skirmishing, and reconnaissance continued on the long front south of Chattanooga, with fighting at Alpine, Dirt Town, Leet’s Tanyard, and on the La Fayette Road near the Chattooga River, Georgia. In the east Tennessee operations a skirmish took place at Rheatown. Minor fighting occurred at South Mills, North Carolina; White Plains and Bristoe Station, Virginia; Roane County, West Virginia; Houston in Texas County, Missouri; Brownsville, Arkansas; and Stirling’s Plantation near Morganza, Louisiana. Federals scouted from Harper’s Ferry, West Virginia. Henry Lawrence Eustis, USA, was appointed to Brigadier General.

U.S.S. Eugenie, commanded by Acting Master's Mate F. H. Dyer, captured steamer Alabama off Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana.

Blockade running steamer Fox was destroyed by her own crew to prevent capture at Pascagoula, Mississippi, by U.S.S. Genesee, Commander William H. Macomb.

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